Chhatarpur is a major town in Palamu District and it lies on the banks of North Koel River, a branch of the Koel River. Daltonganj, the district headquarters, is around 40 km south.
Husainabad (north-west), Hariharganj (north), Nawatanr (north-east) and Nawa (south-west) are the towns around Chhatarpur.